The discussion around the excerpt that Scott G.F. Bailey posted on his blog from the rough manuscript known as The Bottom of the Earth included the suggestion that northern hemisphere people used to think of the southern hemisphere as “the bottom of the earth,” or another phrase that was something like that, and so (looking for more knowledge in that area) I read Weitemeyer’s book out of curiosity to see if he used those words or any other while he was planning (euphemism) his move to Australia, but Weitemeyer did not use any phrase at all: he used a series of scenes that suggested a difficulty in obtaining accurate information; difficulty was his description of distance. “Travellers who come from this distant continent, bring us very conflicting statements,” he remembers his school textbook telling him before it segued into a paragraph about kangaroos, wool, and the “vast lake of salt water” that it saw in the centre of the island – imagination – didn’t exist. “It was really an ignorant and disgraceful morsel of information for one of the best schools in Copenhagen to offer to its pupils,” he writes, “but it was all the knowledge I had or could get.” He spoke to a man in Hamburg who was being paid to encourage European citizens to migrate to Queensland.
"Do you yourself know anything much about Queensland?" I ventured to ask; "I suppose you never were there?" "I, no, I never was there-- [says the man] I wish I had been, I should not have to stand here to-day. But we have every information. They have found gold-diggings again. Here are the statistics of exports; I will read them for you:--
Weitemeyer buys his ticket, trusts that he knows nothing; imagines that bushranging will be his recourse if all else fails. “To be the captain of a gang of warriors, half robbers, half gold-miners, roaming over the continent of Australia, seemed a delightful prospect.” On the ship he “stood aloof looking round me in silent wonder as to what the end would be.” Distance is underinformednation and so is wonder. Proust, corresponding about stock investments with his cousin Lionel Hauser, once mentioned that he was interested in Australian gold mines. “With Marcel his investments reflected not incompetence but aspects of his character,” writes Jean-Yves Tadié. “When he dreamed about these names, stock exchange quotations came to resemble railway timetables.” Marcel Proust: a Life, 1996, tr. Euan Cameron. The dying man who whispers the murderer’s identity to his son in The Boscombe Valley Mystery, Doyle, 1892, would not have been able to name his killer if Sherlock Holmes had not been capable of covering the mental distance between the “allusion to a rat” that the son heard and the presence of a large goldfield town west of Melbourne. “He mumbled a few words,” says the son, “but I could only catch some allusion to a rat.” The Coroner asks him how he interpreted the rat. “It conveyed no meaning to me,” says the son. “I thought that he was delirious.” Not until Holmes has wired to Bristol for a map of Victoria with place names marked on it is he in a position to show Watson that “a rat” is not a rat but the end of a word, “-arat.” The abstract proceeds to materialism. “We have come now out of mere vagueness to the definite conception of an Australian from Ballarat with a grey cloak,” Holmes says. The son who, on the day of his father’s death, heard his father calling, “Cooee,” thought that he was being summoned, but the father was shouting to someone else and he did not expect to see the son crossing a distance towards him. “He appeared to be much surprised at seeing me and asked me rather roughly what I was doing there.” Here, at first, is the sound -- in the son’s imagination -- of the father absolutely desiring the presence of his son, and now secondly the father is nonplussed, he appears to have cried out ambiguously and confusingly, both desiring and not-desiring his son – but then thirdly and finally, thanks to Holmes, we all know that he did not think he was calling his son at all, in spite of the fact that “Cooee” was understood by the young man to be “a usual signal between my father and myself.”
Now this specific cry of “Cooee” identifies the father as a man who could utter that word without regarding it, as the son does, as a privately-owned set of consonants and vowels. Why is the father in this position of wisdom? Because he has emigrated from Australia. He is trying to communicate with a different man, one who has lived in Ballarat, a diabetic who is about to hit him on the head with a rock: someone who is still remembered on the Victorian goldfields by the name he called himself while he was living out Weitemeyer’s dream of bushranging. “'Cooee' is a distinctly Australian cry, and one which is used between Australians,” Holmes explains to Watson. The word that the son thinks of as his own is shared by thousands of people he has never met, inhabiting a continent that he has never visited, all so far away that the news of ownership has never reached him. When Captain James Cook wrote about his Voyage Towards the South Pole and Round the World, 1777, he gave you some idea of the distance between the hemispheres partly by describing the volume of supplies he would have to order before he left, and if I am wrong about this (I haven’t read the book in a while) then I am focussed on it because the phrase, “inspissated juice of wort” has stuck with me. What’s this word, “inspissated”? I wondered, when I read it. In my recollection I crossed the distance between myself and “inspissated” immediately by looking it up. Cook meant that the juice of wort was thickened by a process of dehydration. If I had not been impatient I would have discovered after a few more lines or paragraphs (I forget which) that he wanted to explain inspissation to me himself. Today I know the definition but I am still not comforted and calmed and undisturbed by the words “inspissated juice of wort” and I expect to go on being uneasy until I have found some and drunk it. Fanny Burney’s brother sailed with Cook, by the way: he must have known what it tasted like. A small bat-shaped island near the Australian coast has been named after him. See Henry Stuart Russell’s The Genesis of Queensland, 1888.
whoosh! quite a startling post! how you have made all those connections is remarkable: linking disparate timelines like that makes one believe in parallel worlds/universes... you've probably read henry kingsley's "geoffrey Hamlyn"; i read it and liked it. accurate remembering has to do with distance and knowledge, i think, also... distance over time and spacial distance, i mean. i don't know how many times i've absolutely with no doubt known something that happened in the past only to subsequently discover that i was totally wrong. and it isn't just me; i've had others tell me that about themselves, also. which is like hearing about a distant continent through word of mouth and believing what you hear and finding out later it was all different than that. so not only can we not depend on what our minds tell us, but even when we use our sensory apparatus to be informed about the world around us we are very apt to be wrong. it's surprising to me, anyway, that researching any particular realm of knowledge can lead to more or less the same conclusions, having to do with the total mutability of what we supposedly know from our senses and how much we live in our own little worlds...
ReplyDeleteHamlyn is fun, and I enjoyed it, though it's so Etonically pro-Empire that Kingsley sometimes sounds like a highschool boy supporting a football team. He seems alarmed by the idea that his characters might turn into actual Australians and stop regarding the continent as a place where Englishmen go to make money before returning home, which is a fear that I haven't seen in any other author, or not so sharply and insistently.
DeleteMore than once I've been sure that an author wrote a certain thing, and I can even see the page where it was written, I know that it was about half way through and in the bottom third of the left-hand page and all I have to do is look for it -- totally insouciant -- but then it's not there, they never wrote it, nobody wrote it, and it doesn't exist.
yeah, welcome to the club, as they say; the only saving grace that i can see is that most often what i imagined i saw is more interesting than what i thought i saw but didn't...
DeleteThese last couple of posts have been terrific, the connection between such a variety of thoughts is exciting. Out of all of it I will pick at the Holmes incident, Ballarat from "a rat," and claim that this shows us in part how Doyle's mind must've worked, as he assembled his tales from a vast archipelago of clues and stray bits of information.
ReplyDeleteSince I wrote that post you reference, I've been looking to find anyone from the turn of the 20th century or so who refers to the South as "down" or "bottom" and I am finding nothing. South is "south." I have a strong suspicion that I stole it from Tom Waits' song "The Bottom of the World," which has in fact been going through my head while I draft my novel. Though perhaps I've got the causal trail backwards, but who can say. I also am aware that Dante's Inferno has been on my mind, with the lake of ice at the bottom of Hell. So maybe R.T. was right when he asked about the allusions.
It's also possible that I got the "bottom" idea from Poe's Pym, but maddeningly I can't find my copy around the house.
The great lake of saltwater in the middle of Australia is a wonderful fantasy. Why wouldn't the best schools in Denmark believe it in 1871?
I should read Cook's book. I've read a ton of Antarctic exploration literature already. His list of supplies would interest me. My novel has a list of supplies loaded onto the boat. It's one of my favorite passages, page after page of stuff.
"a vast archipelago of clues": resonant and echoey, like the caves of malabar... a vision of Doyle with a hand lens poking about in the murk, muttering to himself...
ReplyDeleteWhen I was looking up the imaginary inland sea I came across information about a genuine "wide, shallow ocean" that used to cover Australia millennia ago. I picture him wading around in that.
Deleteas a geologist i should have remembered that, but didn't; so what's the difference between what i thought i remembered and what it actually was and what was there that i knew but was absent from memory when it should have been there?
DeleteFirst, "can't find" Pym, pshaw, public domain, etext. Second, Pym ain't it since he ends up in the Antarctic by accident so he never thinks of himself in relation to the Antarctic & also I searched the electronic text for "bottom" before writing this.
ReplyDeleteBut I was at home, where I keep a paper and ink copy of the book. It's not with the other Poe on the fiction shelf. It's not with the non-fiction explorations books. It's not with the rest of the Antarctica literature heaped near my desk. It's not in any of the stacks of unread novels. It's not on the shelves in the guest room. It doesn't appear to be anywhere in the house. I find this all quite suspicious. Anyway, it did not occur to me while I was searching the house (is it with the mountaineering literature in the basement, perhaps?) that Pym was sitting there on Gutenberg. Where is that damned book, though?
DeleteI'm skimming Verne's response to Pym, An Antarctic Mystery,and I don't see it there either, but the skim is very much a skim and I haven't actually read the book --
ReplyDelete-- lies, lies: here's something: "And if a fact, on indisputable evidence, appealed to the whole civilized world; if a material proof of the existence of these unhappy men, imprisoned at the ends of the earth, were furnished, who would venture to meet those who would fain go to their aid with the cry of ‘Impossible!’" Chapter IV, tr. Mrs. Cashel Hoey, pub. 1899 in English.
That's stretching it.
DeleteI can find references to "the bottom of the world" but they're all modern. There's a book called Shipwreck at the Bottom of the World: The Extraordinary True Story of Shackleton and the Endurance by Jennifer Armstrong, and a page at NPR wants me to know about "a simple metal pole stuck in the snow" that "marks the exact location of the bottom of the world" and so on. There's With Byrd at the Bottom of the World, by '"a Harvard dropout who became dog handler on Byrd's 1928-30 expedition to Antarctica", pub. 1990. Now here's a page from Arizona State University that talks about giant telescopes looking at black holes from "the bottom of the Earth — the South Pole."
Where did this start though: when did the first person write, "the bottom of the world"? One observation: every source I've seen so far has been American, even Armstrong, who is writing about a British explorer. Is "the bottom of the world" primarily a U.S. phrase, or is the search engine putting these sites first because I'm in America?
Milton, Lycidas:
ReplyDeleteAy me! whilst thee the shores and sounding seas
Wash far away - where'er they bones are hurled,
Whether beyond the stormy Hebrides
Where thou perhaps, under the whelming tide,
Visitest the bottom of the monstrous world
Though I'm doubtful that's the source of the current usage. It does seem a particularly modern American phrase. We, after all, are here, and everywhere else is there, and with distance comes lesser significance, etc.
Maybe we're going about this upside down.
ReplyDelete"We planted five flags at the top of the world. The first one was a silk American flag which Mrs. Peary gave me fifteen years ago."
From Robert Peary, The North Pole (1910), Ch. 32.
If that's the top, etc. (Also, more evidence of Americanismism).
It's strange that Perry referred to the North Pole as the top, but contemporary references to the South Pole don't refer to it as the bottom. I am almost prepared to pin it on Cole Porter, in the 30s.
DeleteI'm getting the impression that Americans either invented the top-and-bottom formula or else adopted it and popularised it until it was theirs. The National Geographic Magazine for Jan. 1907 has Alexander Graham Bell congratulating F. A. Cook because "he has been to the top of the American continent [meaning that he achieved "the conquest of Mount McKinley"], and therefore to the top of the world." They're toasting Peary, who has come back from a northern latitude that is not quite the Pole, but close. His approach to the Pole is not referred to as "the top of the world" as far as I can see. In 1909 you have the New York Times using the "top of the world" phrase in an article about his success. "Commander Robert E. Peary, U.S.N., has discovered the north pole. Following the report of Dr. F. A. Cook that he had reached the top of the world comes the certain announcement from Mr. Peary, the hero of eight polar expeditions, covering a period of twenty-three years, that at last his ambition has been realized …” If Bell was using “top of the world” unselfconsciously in 1907 to mean the top of a mountain and now we use it to mean the North Pole then our understanding of it, at some point, must have transferred completely over from one to the other.
Deletewell, why don't they call the equator the side? left side and right side...
ReplyDeleteso.. where's the foot? and the thigh, for that matter(must be australia) and china should be about chest high on the left side. forgive me, we're having a laughing fit here at the mudpuddle manse...
ReplyDeleteAre we going in the direction of bottom-as-buttocks now? Is this why thigh and chest? Is the dignity of Antarctic exploration about to be corrupted by the phrase arse-end of the earth?
ReplyDeleteyou must have a psychic connection to our house; i shouldn't get carried away like that, but sometimes it just seems unavoidable and existential...
ReplyDelete